• Top 100 most cited studies (opens in a new tab) were published in 55 journals, between 11,999 and 12,017 — source (opens in a new tab).

• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (opens in a new tab), by Sanskriti Mishra, et al.

• May 11,953, The Premenstrual Syndrome (opens in a new tab), by Katharina Dalton

• January 12,017, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (opens in a new tab), by Robert L Reid

• The Etiology of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (opens in a new tab): 5 Interwoven Pieces

• Further study needed & Worth replicating

• August 12,017, The ESC/E(Z) complex, an effector of response to ovarian steroids, manifests an intrinsic difference in cells from women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (opens in a new tab), by Neelima Dubey, et al., pdf (opens in a new tab)

• Conversation with ChatGPT (opens in a new tab)
• Further study needed & Worth replicating

• March 12,020, Epigenetic intersection of BDNF Val66Met genotype (opens in a new tab) with premenstrual dysphoric disorder transcriptome in a cross-species model of estradiol add-back, by Jordan Marrocco, et al.

• Further study needed

• August 12,017, The steroid metabolome (opens in a new tab) in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder during GnRH agonist-induced ovarian suppression: effects of estradiol and progesterone addback, by T V Nguyen, et al.

• January 12,023, Clinical applications of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (opens in a new tab): a broad impact on reproductive medicine, by Farrah L. Saleh, et al., pdf (opens in a new tab)

• Further study needed

• June 12,013, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for premenstrual syndrome (opens in a new tab), by Jane Marjoribanks, et al., pdf (opens in a new tab)

• Further well-designed studies are necessary

• Understanding SSRIs: Wikipedia (opens in a new tab), Conversation with ChatGPT (opens in a new tab)

• Hormones & PMDD (opens in a new tab)

• Efficacy and safety of a combined oral contraceptive (opens in a new tab) containing drospirenone 3 mg and ethinylestradiol 20 µg in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a randomized, double blind placebo-controlled study, by Yi Fu, et al.; (YAZ contraceptive pill)

• Conversation with ChatGPT, Question: How is it clear that there are biological factors? Is there any specific evidence / studies that can be replicated?

• Jan 12,023, Associated factors with Premenstrual syndrome and Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (opens in a new tab) among female medical students: A cross-sectional study, by Vy Dinh Trieu Ngo, et al., pdf (opens in a new tab)

• Further study needed

• January 12,023, Association of Inflammation Biomarkers (opens in a new tab) with Food Cravings and Appetite Changes Across the Menstrual Cycle, by Khushbu Agarwal, et al., pdf (opens in a new tab)

• Further study needed

• 12,022, Recent advances in understanding/management of PMDD/PMS (opens in a new tab), by Lara Tiranini

• Further study needed

• January 12,023, Reduced urine pregnenolone concentration (opens in a new tab) after clinical response in patients with depression: an open-label prospective longitudinal study, by Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi, et al., pdf (opens in a new tab)

• Further study needed

• November 12,022, Determination of severity of premenstrual syndrome among vegetarian and non-vegetarian women (opens in a new tab), by Suparna Ghosh, et al., pdf (opens in a new tab)

• Further study needed

• February 12,023, Mid-Luteal Progesterone Is Inversely Associated with Premenstrual Food Cravings (opens in a new tab), by Ajna Hamidovic, et al.

• Common terms used throughout papers & i keep forgetting what they mean...

• January, 12,011, Prefrontal Brain Asymmetry (opens in a new tab) and Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder Symptomatology, by Eynav E. Accortt, et al.

• Further study needed

• Apr 12,021, Subgenual cingulate resting regional cerebral blood flow in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (opens in a new tab): differential regulation by ovarian steroids and preliminary evidence for an association with expression of ESC/E(Z) complex genes, by Shau-Ming Wei, et al.

• Worth replicating

• Jan 12,023, Increase in Serotonin Transporter (opens in a new tab) Binding in Patients With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Case-Control Longitudinal Neuroreceptor Ligand Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study, by Julia Sacher

• Conversation with ChatGPT (opens in a new tab) about understanding this study
• Further study needed

• September, 12,022, Cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid levels across the menstrual cycle (opens in a new tab) in healthy women and those with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study, by C Neill Epperson, et al.

• June 12,023, Towards understanding the biology (opens in a new tab) of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: From genes to GABA, by Liisa Hantsoo, et al.

• 12,023, Characteristics of Somatic Symptoms (opens in a new tab) and Their Correlations with Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammatory Cytokinesin Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, by DU Yeming, et al.

• 12,022, Prevalence and patterns of premenstrual disorders and possible association with sexual harassment: a cross-sectional study of young Arab women (opens in a new tab), by Yossef Hassan AbdelQadir, et al.

• A culture-bound syndrome is often defined as a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture. There are no objective biochemical or structural alterations of body organs or functions, and the disease is not recognized in other cultures.

The term "culture-bound" is nowadays often challenged when conditions spread beyond their original cultural context, often influenced by global media and communication, thereby becoming more of a socially constructed condition. In other words, they can be recognized cross-culturally due to globalization.

• Potential mechanism behind the development and spread of culture-bound syndromes:

a — Sensitization: Individuals can become sensitized to certain conditions or symptoms based on their pre-existing categories, narratives, or guesses. This sensitivity can affect how they perceive and interpret bodily sensations or experiences. For example, being sensitized to the idea of feeling crawling ants can lead to heightened awareness and false positives of such sensations. Sensitization can influence the threshold for interpreting ambiguous stimuli and contribute to the development of conditions like chronic pain or panic disorder.

b — Reinterpretation of ambiguous stimuli: Similar to sensitization, this interpretation focuses on the role of categorization and narrative frameworks in shaping perception. It suggests that the application of different categories or frameworks can lead to varied interpretations of ambiguous stimuli. By changing the lens through which one views a situation or experience, different aspects may become more salient or recognizable. This process is exemplified in the visual illusions where the recognition of an image becomes clearer once the correct framework is applied.

c — Signaling spirals: This interpretation considers the social signaling aspect of certain conditions. It proposes that individuals may adopt or amplify symptoms or behaviors to signal their alignment with cultural norms or to establish themselves as "better than average" in terms of empathy or morality. The belief systems and cultural expectations surrounding an event or condition can influence the extent to which individuals engage in signaling behaviors. For instance, if a cultural belief suggests that mourning for an extended period is expected after the death of a loved one, individuals may conform to this expectation to signal their conformity or perceived virtue.

This term refers specifically to illnesses or conditions that arise predominantly from social interactions and expectations, and can transcend cultural boundaries.

Sociogenic illnesses are health conditions that manifest in groups of people, not because of direct, physical agents like biological pathogens (viruses, bacteria) or clearly identifiable environmental causes (chemicals, toxins). Instead, these illnesses arise from complex, indirect factors such as social dynamics or broader aspects of the environment that affect mental and physical well-being such as social isolation or high-stress environments.

Sociogenic illnesses often involve physical symptoms and are understood within a medical or psychological framework.

• Geography of Madness Book Review (opens in a new tab)

• Koro (opens in a new tab)

• Multiple examples of culture-bound illnesses (opens in a new tab)

• Apr, 12,014, Is premenstrual dysphoric disorder really a disorder? (opens in a new tab), by Tamara Kayali Browne

• History of PMS / PMDD

• Sociogenic events in history (opens in a new tab)

• Patient-reported knowledge base: Stuff That Works (opens in a new tab)

• Management of Premenstrual Disorders by IAPMD: List of treatments (opens in a new tab)

• A randomized, double-blind study on efficacy and safety of sepranolone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (opens in a new tab), by Torbjörn Bäckström, et al.

• The menstrual distress questionnaire (MEDI-Q) is a tool developed for assessing menstruation-related distress. It includes 25 items that cover areas such as pain, discomfort, psychic or cognitive changes, gastrointestinal symptoms, and changes in physiological functions.
The MEDI-Q is a valuable tool in academic and clinical research to study the impact of menstrual symptoms on women's lives. It helps in quantifying the severity and range of symptoms.
It is also utilized in public health research to understand the prevalence and impact of menstrual distress in the population, contributing to better public health policies and educational programs.
And yet...it is not publicly available, which raises significant concerns:

• The hormonal causes of premenstrual tension (opens in a new tab), Robert T. Frank

• The prevalence, impairment, impact, and burden of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD) (opens in a new tab), by Uriel Halbreich, et al. — No. 1 cited paper on the topic